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石油， せきゆ

1. oil, petroleum 2. kerosene, paraffin

石油

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化学製品， かがくせいひん

1. chemical

tbd

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材料， ざいりょう

1. materials, ingredients 2. material (for a novel, experiment, etc.), subject matter 3. grounds (for a decision, judgement, etc.), basis, evidence, data 4. (market) factor

tbd

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として

1. as (i.e. in the role of), for (i.e. from the viewpoint of) 2. apart from... (used to change the topic) 3. even (e.g. "not even a single person") 4. thinking that..., trying to...

考虑到……，试图……；作为（即以……的身份），对于（即从……的角度）

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用いる， もちいる

1. to use, to make use of, to utilize, to utilise

使用，利用，运用，加以利用

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最近， さいきん

1. recently, lately, these days, nowadays, right now 2. nearest, closest

tbd

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である

1. be, is

是、=です、=だ

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が

1. indicates the subject of a sentence 2. indicates possession 3. but, however, (and) yet, though, although, while 4. and 5. used after an introductory remark or explanation 6. regardless of ..., whether ... (or not), no matter ... 7. indicates a des...

tbd

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の

1. indicates possessive 2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives 3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases 4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion 5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis 6. (at sentence-end, risi...

句尾起强调作用；助词，表示所有关系

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は

1. indicates sentence topic 2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) 3. adds emphasis

指示句子的主题；表示与另一选项（无论是否明确提及）形成对比；表示强调

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こと， 事， 縡

1. thing, matter 2. incident, occurrence, event, something serious, trouble, crisis 3. circumstances, situation, state of affairs 4. work, business, affair 5. after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not ...

tbd

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